The occurrence of diabetes of any type is due to the fact that glucose is not fully or partially absorbed in the human body, which has many unpleasant and sometimes irreversible consequences. Under normal conditions, the pancreas (PZH) automatically releases the hormone insulin into the bloodstream as soon as glucose appears in the blood, and the body's cells use it to "absorb" the sugar. In diabetics, this process is interrupted for several reasons.
type 1 diabetes
Typically, type 1 diabetes occurs in early childhood and adolescence. The pancreas stops producing insulin because the beta cells of the "Islets of Langerhans" in which it is produced, die in whole or in part. Sometimes clinical type 1 diabetes starts after severe viral infections, according to scientists, the immune system is to blame for this "failure".
Some dangerous viruses are very similar in structure to pancreatic beta cells, and the immune system destroys them along with the alien viruses. It is impossible to restore insulin-producing cells, so for a diabetic, the only way to improve metabolism is lifelong control of blood sugar levels and timely administration of insulin.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood and old age. Its occurrence is often associated with obesity, although sometimes it also occurs with a hereditary predisposition, as well as after the use of certain drugs. Type 2 diabetes can develop against the background of chronic diseases of the pancreas or during pregnancy. Even if the pancreas of such patients produces enough insulin, it is slower than necessary. Therefore, the cells don't have time to use up all the glucose and its level rises.
The second reason for blood glucose in type 2 diabetes is a decrease in tissue sensitivity to the hormone insulin. Doctors call this disorder "insulin resistance. "Simply put, they lack the normal amount, which is mostly associated with obesity.
Gestational diabetes
One type of type 2 diabetes is diabetes of pregnancy or gestational diabetes. A pregnant woman's pancreas produces a normal amount of insulin, but tissue sensitivity to it is reduced due to the presence of "pregnancy hormones" in the blood. It usually occurs at 20-24 weeks and continues until delivery, after which the metabolism improves on its own. However, sometimes, under the pretext of gestational diabetes, DM 1 begins, and it also happens that, in the context of pregnancy, DM 2 appears, whose presence the woman did not suspect.